Origin: Tropical regions, from the mid-20th century and still evolving.
Tropical modernism is how architects in the tropics adopted modern form while responding to hot, humid climates, from the mid-20th century. Deep eaves, sun louvres, ventilation openings, courtyards and lots of greenery cool the house naturally. Sri Lankan architect Geoffrey Bawa is often cited as a representative figure.
The principles fit humid coastal regions well: block western sun with louvres and deep eaves, create cross ventilation to reduce damp, and use double walls or breathable materials. Roofs must be sturdy, openings closable in a storm, materials salt-resistant, and rain drainage reliable. Greenery cools and shields the house, but choose deep-rooted species and prune before typhoon season.
